Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Nanotechnology is the term used for the design and making of the particles whose use is depended upon the specific structure at the nano scale. Nanomaterials are usually a kind of materials which are having at least 1 external dimension that measures ≤100 nano meters or can be with internal structures measuring ≤100 nano meters. Nanomaterials can be assessed in this light as they can show the similar properties to those of the single nano particle.
Some of the Nanomaterials are found naturally as they can not be in the engineers desired structure and can't be used in the same form which it is obtained, Hence some of them are designed as per the requirement and manufactured. These can be found in sunscreens, Cosmetics, sporting goods, imaging a drug delivery etc. Engineered nanomaterials are resources designed at the molecular (nanometre) level to take advantage of their small size and novel properties which are generally not seen in their conventional, bulk counterparts.
Interest in nanotechnology is growing rapidly. Now it is possible to arrange atoms into structures that are only a few nanometers in size. A nanometer is about four atom diameters or 1/50000 of a human hair. Your fingernails grew about a nanometer while reading this. Self-assembly of nanostructures is the special attraction of this nanomaterials concept, which produces huge amounts of artificial materials with different and new properties. A moth's eye has a very small hexagonal shaped bumps on its surface and are a few hundred nanometers tall and apart due to these patterns are smaller than the wavelength of visible light (350-800nm), the moth's eye surface has a very low reflectance for the visible light so its eye can absorb more light than the other species. This help moth to have much better vision than humans in dim or dark conditions as these nanostructures absorb light very efficiently.
Nanotechnology is related to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometre scale which are used in the field of design, characterization, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems. Nanotechnology can occur in almost any area of science and engineering as It is pertinent to biotechnologists, physicists, electrical engineers, mechanical engineers or materials scientists.
Nanomechanics is a branch of the nano sciences which deals with the mechanical properties of the materials such as Elasticity, Thermal, Kinetics which are of physical system at a nano meter scale. Nanomechanics brings science and applications together on nanoscale and nano structured materials, with emphasis on mechanics, processing, characterization, design, modeling, and applications of materials containing true nano size dimensions or nano structures that describes novel or enhanced properties or functions that are based on tailored nano structures. Nanomechanics came into existence on the crossroad of solid-state physics, statistical mechanics, materials science, and quantum chemistry. Often, nano mechanics is viewed as a branch of nanotechnology, that is an applied area with a focus on the mechanical properties of engineered nano structures and nano systems
Nanophotonics or Nano-optics is the study of light and its behaviour in the nanoscale. It mainly deals with optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. Nanophotonics mainly focus on the fabrication and application of Nano structures that facilitate the generation, propagation, manipulation, and detection of light from the infrared to the ultraviolet regimes. The term "nano-optics", just like the term "optics", usually refers to situations involving ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light (free-space wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nano meters). Normal optical components, like lenses and microscopes, generally cannot normally focus light to nano meter (deep sub wavelength) scales, because of the diffraction limit (Rayleigh criterion). It is possible to squeeze light into a nano meter scale using other techniques like, for example, surface plasmons, localized surface plasmons around nanoscale metal objects. The scope of Nanophotonics extends to theory, modeling and simulation, experimentation, instrumentation, and application.
Nanosatellites are the satellites refer to an artificial satellite which has the wet mass of 1 to 10 kg. Designs and proposed designs of these types may be launched individually, or they may have multiple nanosatellites working together or in formation, in which case, sometimes the term "satellite swarm" or "fractionated spacecraft" may be applied. With the emergence of the technological advances of miniaturization and increased capital to support private spaceflight initiatives in the 2010s, several start ups have been formed to pursue opportunities with developing a variety of small-payload Nanosatellite Launch Vehicle (NLV) technologies.
Nanorobotics is defined as the technology of creating machines or robots to the closest scale of a nanometre (10-9 meters). Nanorobots may function at the atomic or molecular level to build devices, machines, or circuits; this process is known as molecular manufacturing. Nanorobots might also capable of producing copies of their own to replace worn-out units in the system and this process is called Self-Replication. Nanorobots are of special interest to researchers in the medical industry. This has given rise to the field of nanomedicine. It is estimated that a squadron of nanorobots may serve as antibodies or antiviral agents in the patient’s body with a strike balance of immune systems, or in diseases that do not give response to the conventional measures
Nanoscale phenomenon is increasingly evident in conventional power generation plants. Nanotechnology-based innovation is being credited with improvements in efficiency and life-spans of existing technologies, as well as the introduction of new and disruptive power-generating components. Nanotechnologies provide essential improvements potentials for the development of the conventional energy resources(fossil fuels and nuclear fuels) and the renewable energy resources(geothermal, wind, water etc.). Nanotechnology provides the multitude of approaches to energy saving examples are the reduction of the fuel consumption in automobiles through lightweight construction materials on basis of nanocomposites, the optimization in fuel combustion through increasing the wear. Nanotechnology is finding application in traditional energy sources and is greatly enhancing alternative energy approaches to help meet the world’s increasing energy demands
The utilization of nanotechnology for the enhancement of the electrical energy stores like batteries and super capacitors turns out to be downright promising. Due to the high cell voltage and the outstanding energy and power density, the lithium-ion technology is regarded as the most promising variant for energy storage. Nanotechnology can improve the capacity and life period of the lithium-ion battery. The use of the nanomaterials on the electrodes of electrochemical cells may enhance the charge storage, reaction rate of the redox reactions in the fuel cells.
Nanocomposites are the multiphase or hybrid materials when which combined together, shows the markedly different properties from the bulk components. The general idea behind the addition of the nanoscale second phase is to create a synergy between the various constitutions such that the novel properties capable of meeting or exceeding design expectation can be achieved. It is estimated flexible and rigid packaging industry to use more than 100 million pounds of nanocomposite materials beverages and food industry.
Earth and the terrestrial planet's physical and chemical properties depend upon the atomic to nanoscale structure of their constituent rocks, fluids and minerals. Particles in the nanoscale (colloids) are abundant in all environmental sections. These nanophases consist of natural organic matter like humic substances, are biota itself like viruses, bacteria incl. pathogens, inorganic particles such as clay, oxides or carbonates are man-made originating either from nanoengineering or from wear/combustion/corrosion.
Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases in man that accounts for 14 million new cancer cases and 8 million deaths per year worldwide. In recent years, nanotechnology shows potential promise in the management of cancer. Nanoparticles attached to cancer marker targeted antibodies could detect cancer at earlier phases of cancer development, better than existing methods.
In the Biomedical applications nanodevices are mainly highlighted for organic and several types of inorganic nanoparticles. Polymer nanoparticles have been mainly used for the drug delivery and implantation. They can be made as shells for drug encapsulation, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic for the expected biocompactability. Nanoparticles encapsulating different cosmetic and pharmaceutical interest have been developed for the novel skin-care applications. The nanoparticles were found to show the identical additional physical and mechanical properties and offer new application possibility that the conventional technology can not reach. Thus this approach has become an alternative focus in the bionanotechnology research towards sustainable development.
Nanoelectronics is generally an application of nanotechnology in the field of electronics and electronics components. As the term nanoelectronics generally means electronic component exceptional attention is given to the transistors. These transistors are very small in there size <100 nanometers, hence they are specially separated into the study that have to be made to knowing the quantum mechanical properties and the inter atomic design.
Lithography is the transfer of a pattern from a master slide or plate or mask to another medium. In today's optical lithography, the process of passing light through a mask to pattern a polymer film is crucial for the mass production of integrated circuits. Nanolithography using focused beams of either electrons, ions or photons as well as using scanning probe microscopes to chemically, physically or thermally modify surface layers of material with nanoscale precision. Nanolithography outlines the present state of the art in lithographic techniques, including optical projection in both deep and extreme ultraviolet, electron and ion beams, and imprinting. Special attention is paid to related issues, such as the resists used in lithography, the masks (or lack thereof), the metrology needed for nano-features, modeling, and the limitations caused by feature edge roughness.
Nanoparticles taking shape as a useful tool for a wide range variety of biomedical, consumer and instrumental applications that include drug delivery systems, biosensors and environmental sensors. Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials to better understand and assess the health risks involved in the usage of nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as small size, large surface area and flexible chemical composition/structure that favour their use in nanomedicine, have also been found to contribute to their enhanced toxicological side effects.